CentOS7 命令行安装Oracle 11G R2

环境准备

1.CentOS7 64位最小化安装

2.Oracle 11gR2 64位 Linux版安装包

1 2	linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip

安装过程

关闭防火墙

操作用户：root

1 2	systemctl stop firewalld.service systemctl disable firewalld.service

安装依赖包

操作用户为：root

执行如下命令安装依赖包。

yum install -y automake autotools-dev binutils bzip2 elfutils expat \
gawk gcc gcc-multilib g++-multilib lib32ncurses5 lib32z1 \
ksh less lib32z1 libaio1 libaio-dev libc6-dev libc6-dev-i386 \
libc6-i386 libelf-dev libltdl-dev libodbcinstq4-1 libodbcinstq4-1:i386 \
libpth-dev libpthread-stubs0-dev libstdc++5 make openssh-server rlwrap \
rpm sysstat unixodbc unixodbc-dev unzip x11-utils zlibc unzip cifs-utils \
libXext.x86_64  glibc.i686

如果上述命令报错，则直接直接下面的命令。

yum -y install xz wget gcc-c++ ncurses ncurses-devel \
cmake make perl openssl openssl-devel gcc* libxml2 \
libxml2-devel curl-devel libjpeg* libpng* freetype* \
make gcc-c++ cmake bison perl perl-devel  perl perl-devel \
glibc-devel.i686 glibc-devel libaio readline-devel \
zlib.x86_64 zlib-devel.x86_64 libcurl-* net-tool*  \
sysstat lrzsz dos2unix telnet.x86_64 iotop unzip \
ftp.x86_64 xfs* expect vim psmisc openssh-client* \
libaio bzip2  epel-release automake binutils bzip2 \
elfutils expat gawk gcc  ksh less make openssh-server \
rpm sysstat unzip unzip cifs-utils libXext.x86_64  \
glibc.i686 binutils compat-libstdc++-33 \
elfutils-libelf elfutils-libelf-devel \
expat gcc gcc-c++ glibc glibc-common \
glibc-devel glibc-headers libaio \
libaio-devel libgcc libstdc++ libstdc++-devel \
make sysstat unixODBC unixODBC-devel libnsl

修改内核

操作用户为：root

修改sysctl.conf文件

kernel.shmmax = 277495689510912
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048586
fs.file-max = 6815744
 
# Controls the maximum number of shared memory segments, in pages                                                                                                              
kernel.shmall = 4294967296
net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets = 6000
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 0
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.core.somaxconn = 262144
net.core.netdev_max_backlog = 262144
net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans = 262144
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 262144
net.ipv4.tcp_synack_retries = 2
net.ipv4.tcp_syn_retries = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 30
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_probes = 6
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_intvl = 5
net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps = 0
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576

使参数生效

sysctl -p

创建oracle用户

操作用户为：root

groupadd -g 502 oinstall
groupadd -g 503 dba
groupadd -g 504 oper
groupadd -g 505 asmadmin
useradd -u 502 -g oinstall -G oinstall,dba,asmadmin,oper -s /bin/bash -m oracle
passwd oracle

解压Oracle数据库安装包

操作用户：oracle
操作目录：/home/oracle

将Oracle 11gR2安装文件上传（可以使用sftp上传）到该操作目录下面，然后顺序解压安装文件到该目录。

1 2	unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip

修改操作系统配置

操作用户：root
操作文件：/etc/security/limits.conf

1	vim /etc/security/limits.conf

在文件的末尾添加如下配置项。

oracle          soft      nproc   2047
oracle          hard      nproc   16384
oracle          soft      nofile  1024
oracle          hard      nofile  65536
oracle          soft      stack   10240

创建Oracle安装目录

操作用户：oracle

1	mkdir ~/tools/oracle11g -p

修改环境变量

操作用户：oracle
操作目录：/home/oracle

1	vim ~/.bash_profile

在文件末尾添加如下配置项

export ORACLE_BASE=/home/oracle/tools/oracle11g
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
export ORACLE_SID=orcl
export ORACLE_UNQNAME=orcl
export NLS_LANG=.AL32UTF8
export PATH=${PATH}:${ORACLE_HOME}/bin/:$ORACLE_HOME/lib64

使得环境变量生效。

1	source ~/.bash_profile

修改Oracle配置文件

操作用户：oracle
操作目录：/home/oracle

复制文件模板

1	cp /home/oracle/database/response/db_install.rsp .

注意：复制命令的最后一个 . 不能省略，表示将db_install.rsp文件从/home/oracle/database/response目录拷贝到当前目录。

对db_install.rsp文件进行编辑。

1	vim db_install.rsp

需要修改的配置项如下所示，这里，我将修改后的配置项列举出来。

oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_AND_CONFIG
ORACLE_HOSTNAME=localhost #实际上可以修改成你自己的主机名或者域名(IP)
UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall
INVENTORY_LOCATION=/home/oracle/tools/oraInventory
SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en,zh_CN
ORACLE_HOME=/home/oracle/tools/oracle11g/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
ORACLE_BASE=/home/oracle/tools/oracle11g
oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE
oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dba
oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=oper
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.type=GENERAL_PURPOSE
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.globalDBName=orcl
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.SID=orcl
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.characterSet=AL32UTF8
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryOption=true
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryLimit=1024
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.installExampleSchemas=false
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.ALL=Oracle#123456
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.control=DB_CONTROL
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.dbcontrol.enableEmailNotification=false
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.dbcontrol.emailAddress=test@qq.com #可以填写你自己的邮箱地址
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.automatedBackup.enable=false
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.storageType=FILE_SYSTEM_STORAGE
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.fileSystemStorage.dataLocation=/home/oracle/tools/oracle11g/oradata
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.fileSystemStorage.recoveryLocation=/home/oracle/tools/oracle11g/fast_recovery_area
DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true

静默安装Oracle 11gR2

操作用户：oracle
操作目录：/home/oracle/database

1	./runInstaller -silent -ignoreSysPrereqs -responseFile /home/oracle/db_install.rsp

等待一段时间后，如果输出如下信息，则表明Oracle数据库已经安装成功。

The following configuration scripts need to be executed as the "root" user. 
 #!/bin/sh 
 #Root scripts to run

/home/oracle/tools/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
/home/oracle/tools/oracle11g/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/root.sh
To execute the configuration scripts:
	 1. Open a terminal window 
	 2. Log in as "root" 
	 3. Run the scripts 
	 4. Return to this window and hit "Enter" key to continue 

Successfully Setup Software.

安装完成

操作用户：root

根据上一步完成信息提示，执行以下两行命令，具体位置需要根据你的安装位置决定：

1 2	/home/oracle/tools/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh /home/oracle/tools/oracle11g/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/root.sh

创建连接用户

操作用户：oracle

1 2	sqlplus /nolog conn /as sysdba

接下来，执行如下命令。

1 2	alter user system identified by system; alter user sys identified by sys;

创建连接用户。

1 2	create user SYNC identified by SYNC2; grant connect,resource,dba to SYNC2;

验证安装结果

启动数据库

启动已经安装的数据库orcl。

操作用户oracle

启动监听

1	lsnrctl start

启动数据库过程如下：

1	sqlplus /nolog

使用dba权限连接Oralce

1	connect / as sysdba

启动数据库

startup

确认启动结果：

ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area  534462464 bytes
Fixed Size                  2215064 bytes
Variable Size            373293928 bytes
Database Buffers          150994944 bytes
Redo Buffers                7958528 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.